Tackling Heat Related Issues During the Summer

The incidence of heat related illnesses has come down in the UAE after the implementation of the midday break rule. Nevertheless, with temperatures soaring well into the 40s during the day here, it is handy for everyone to be aware of the steps to take, if you witness a heat related incident.

It is not just the high temperatures, but the high levels of humidity that sap one’s strength during the summer days. Children and teens are more vulnerable than adults to the effects of the heat as they sweat less and are generally more active, thus producing more heat. Generally, sweating acts as an effective cooling mechanism, but if they sweat less and fail to take in sufficient fluids, they are likely to experience heat exhaustions. Obesity, which is a common health issue in the UAE, can also be a contributing factor. Depending on the level of severity, heat related illnesses can be classified into heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

We may not even realize that heat cramps are caused by high temperatures as they take the form of muscle spasms and cramps that occur after heavy exercise or after being out and about for long hours during the day. Nausea, general weakness and vomiting are other symptoms associated with heat cramps. They can be easily remedied by moving to a cooler environment, drinking plenty of fluids with added salt and sugar for rehydration and removing any heavy clothing. Gentle stretching of the cramped muscles can also help.

Heat exhaustion is the next stage and is the outcome of loss of water and heat from the body. It is characterized by cramps, vomiting, fever exceeding 100.4 F, pale skin, anxiety, fatigue and a feeling of faintness. The body is unable to cool itself. It requires immediate medical attention if there is no improvement when the person is moved to a cooler place, drinks fluids with added salt and removes or loosens any excess clothing.

The kind of heat related illness that ends up garnering newspaper headlines is heat stroke. It is the most severe form of heat related illnesses and is accompanied by high fever, rapid heart rate, loss of consciousness, confusion, nausea and seizures. If the condition is not treated immediately, it can lead to coma or even death. It would be wise to call 999 as this is a life threatening emergency. Meanwhile, the person should be moved to a cool place and allowed plenty of rest and fluids, if he is able to drink. Application of icepacks to the armpits and groin is also a good idea.

In general, it would be a good idea to drink plenty of fluids and wear light, loose fitting clothes during the summer. Vigorous sports and exercise should be scheduled during the early mornings and evenings. Use good sunscreens with at least an SPF (sun protection factor) of 15 if you plan to go out and it would be wiser not to go outdoors unless it is strictly necessary.